2. Signaling Pathways
  3. MAPK/ERK Pathway
  4. p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

p38 MAPK

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The p38 MAPK family consists of highly conserved proline-directed serine-threonine protein kinases that are activated in response to a number many growth factors, cytokines, and chemotactic substances, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), PDGF, TNF, interleukins, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP). It is well known that p38 is involved in inflammation, apoptosis, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell differentiation.

The p38 MAPK family is composed of four proteins: p38α (encoded by the gene Mapk14), p38β (Mapk11), p38γ (Mapk12), and p38δ (Mapk13). Their coding genes have a distinct tissue distribution and they appear differentially expressed, being Mapk14 the most highly expressed. p38 MAPKs are substrates for three MAP2K (MKK6, MKK3, and MKK4). The contribution of each of these MAP2K to p38 MAPKs activation depends on the stimulus and the cell type. The MAP3Ks that lead to p38 MAPKs activation are ASK1, DLK1, TAK1, TAO1, TAO2, TPL2, MLK3, MEKK3, MEKK4, and ZAK1.

p38 MAPK Isoform Specific Products:

p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison
Cat. No. Product Name Effect Purity Chemical Structure
  • HY-107744R
    Nalmefene (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Nalmefene (Standard) is the analytical standard of Nalmefene. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Nalmefene is a long acting opioid (MOR and DOR antagonist), and a partial KOR agonist. Nalmefene is used for opioid overdose and alcohol dependence.
    Nalmefene (Standard)
  • HY-N1190
    DL-Syringaresinol
    		Inhibitor
    DL-Syringaresinol ((±)-Syringaresinol), a lignin, inhibits UVA-induced upregulation of MMP-1 by suppressing MAPK/AP-1 signaling in human HaCaT keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). DL-Syringaresinol has antiphotoaging properties against UVA-induced skin aging. DL-Syringaresinol exhibits weak antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv.
    DL-Syringaresinol
  • HY-B1556R
    Benzyl salicylate (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Benzyl salicylate (Standard) (NSC 6647 (Standard)) is the analytical standard of Benzyl salicylate (HY-B1556). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Benzyl salicylate (NSC 6647)?is a salicylic acid benzyl ester. It can be used as a fragrance additive or UV light absorber.
    Benzyl salicylate (Standard)
  • HY-19399C
    Iroxanadine hydrobromide
    		Activator
    Iroxanadine hydrobromide (BRX 005) is a vasculoprotector. Iroxanadine is a p38 kinase and HSP protein dual activator. Iroxanadine hydrobromide has the potential for atherosclerosis and vascular diseases research.
    Iroxanadine hydrobromide
  • HY-171296
    p38 Kinase inhibitor 8
    		Inhibitor
    p38 Kinase inhibitor 8 (Compound CCLXXVIII) is the orally active inhibitor for p38β and JNK2α2 with IC50s of 6.3 nM and 53.6 nM. p38 Kinase inhibitor 8 exhibits anti-inflammatory effect in rats collagen-induced arthritis models.
    p38 Kinase inhibitor 8
  • HY-107427R
    PF-3644022 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    PF-3644022 (Standard) is the analytical standard of PF-3644022 (HY-107427). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. PF-3644022 is a potent, selective, orally active and ATP-competitive MAPKAPK2 (MK2) inhibitor with an IC50 of 5.2 nM and a Ki of 3 nM. PF-3644022 also inhibits MK3 and p38 regulated/activated Kinase (PRAK) with IC50s of 53 nM and 5.0 nM, respectively. PF-3644022 potently inhibits TNFα production and has anti-inflammatory effect.
    PF-3644022 (Standard)
  • HY-10405R
    Pamapimod (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Pamapimod (Standard) is the analytical standard of Pamapimod. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Pamapimod (Ro4402257) is a potent, selective and orally active p38 MAPK inhibitor with IC50s of 14 nM and 480 nM and Kis of 1.3 nM and 120 nM for p38α and p38β, respectively. Pamapimod has no activity against p38δ or p38γ isoforms. Pamapimod has the potential for rheumatoid arthritis and other autoimmune diseases treatment.
    Pamapimod (Standard)
  • HY-N15272
    Artocarpesin
    		Inhibitor
    Artocarpesin is a flavonoid compound. Artocarpesin has inhibitory effects on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Artocarpesin inhibits the production of NO, PGE2 and ROS by inhibiting COX-2 and iNOS expression, and plays an anti-inflammatory role. In addition, Artocarpesin inhibits platelet aggregation by inhibiting cyclic nucleotides and MAPKs, which can be used in the study of cardiovascular diseases.
    Artocarpesin
  • HY-108647R
    EO 1428 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    EO 1428 (Standard) is the analytical standard of EO 1428 (HY-108647). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. EO 1428 is a highly specific inhibitor of p38 of the aminobenzophenone class. EO 1428 (1 μM ) markedly attenuates LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor α-converting enzyme (TACE) activity up-regulation.
    EO 1428 (Standard)
  • HY-124284R
    Hexamethylene bisacetamide (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hexamethylene bisacetamide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hexamethylene bisacetamide. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) is a differentiation inducer and selective bromine domain inhibitor that can differentiate across the blood-brain barrier. Hexamethylene bisacetamide can induce tumor cell differentiation and inhibit cell proliferation, showing antitumor activity. Hexamethylene bisacetamide induces apoptosis by Notch1, Bcl-2 and p53 signaling pathways. In addition, Hexamethylene bisacetamide improves the obesity phenotype of mice.
    Hexamethylene bisacetamide (Standard)
  • HY-100618R
    Hispidin (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Hispidin (Standard) is the analytical standard of Hispidin. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Hispidin, a PKC inhibitor and a phenolic compound can be found in Phellinus linteus, has been shown to possess strong anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-diabetic, and anti-dementia properties[1][2][3][4][5][6][7].
    Hispidin (Standard)
  • HY-107091R
    Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine (DA-DKP) (Standard) is the analytical standard of Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine (HY-107091). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine is an immunomodulatory molecule and anti-inflammatory agent. Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine increases the level of active Rap1 in activated human T lymphocytes and reduces the phosphorylation levels of Ras, ATF-2, c-jun, MEK1, MEKK1, ERK1, JNK1,2,3, p38MAPK and MEF-2. Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine inhibits the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including the levels of IFN-γ and TNF-α. Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine can be used in studies of inflammatory immune responses.
    Aspartyl-alanyl-diketopiperazine (Standard)
  • HY-19399
    Iroxanadine
    		Activator
    Iroxanadine (BRX 005) is a vasculoprotector. Iroxanadine is a p38 kinase and HSP protein dual activator. Iroxanadine has the potential for atherosclerosis and vascular diseases research.
    Iroxanadine
  • HY-186223
    Enzyme modulator-1
    		Modulator
    Enzyme modulator-1 (example 205) is a potent enzyme modulator that modulates p38, bcr-ab1, and VEGFR. Enzyme modulator-1 can be used for the research of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, retinopathies including diabetic retinal neuropathy and macular degeneration.
    Enzyme modulator-1
  • HY-W714214
    Ethalfluralin
    		Activator
    Ethalfluralin is a dinitroaniline herbicide and microtubule inhibitor. Ethalfluralin blocks nuclear division and cytokinesis of parasites by inhibiting intranuclear spindle formation. Ethalfluralin activates the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and P38 MAPK, inhibits the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, impairs mitochondrial function, and induces apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, and ROS production. Ethalfluralin is applicable to research related to toxoplasmosis.
    Ethalfluralin
  • HY-B1014S
    Acenocoumarol-d5
    		Inhibitor
    Acenocoumarol-d5 is the deuterium labeled Acenocoumarol (HY-B1014). Acenocoumarol is an anticoagulant that functions as a Vitamin K antagonist. Acenocoumarol inhibits MAPK/ERK/JNK signaling pathway, reduces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65, activates Akt/GSK3β signaling pathway. Acenocoumarol induces apoptosis in cell A549, arrests cell cycle at S phase.
    Acenocoumarol-d<sub>5</sub>
  • HY-W015445R
    SD-169 (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    SD-169 is an orally active ATP-competitive inhibitor of p38α MAPK, with an IC50 of 3.2 nM. SD-169 also weakly inhibits p38β MAPK with an IC50 of 122 nM. SD-169 prevents the development and progression of diabetes by inhibiting T cell infiltration and activation.
    SD-169 (Standard)
  • HY-W585976
    Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide
    Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide is a carcinogen present in tobacco smoke as well as in environmental pollution. Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide is a metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) , which is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) . Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide induces esophageal carcinogenesis. Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide may act to induce activation of ERKs and p38 MAPK marked by an increased level of phosphorylation of both the ERKs and p38 MAPK which corresponds with the increased activation of both kinases as evidenced by increased phsosphorylation of their substrates Elk-1 and ATF-2, respectively.
    Benzo[a]pyrene diol epoxide
  • HY-N2156R
    Paeonolide (Standard)
    Paeonolide (Standard) is the analytical standard of Paeonolide (HY-N2156). This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Paeonolide, found in Paeonia suffruticosa, is an ERK1/2 activator. Paeonolide promotes early and late osteoblast differentiation, stimulates pre-osteoblast transmigration, and activates the BMP-Smad1/5/8, Wnt-β-catenin, JNK and p38 pathways. Paeonolide can be used for the research of osteoporosis, periodontitis.
    Paeonolide (Standard)
  • HY-N0481R
    Roburic acid (Standard)
    		Inhibitor
    Roburic acid (Standard) is the analytical standard of Roburic acid. This product is intended for research and analytical applications. Roburic acid acts as an anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and osteoclastogenesis inhibitor, with a Ki of 7.066 μM against human TNF, an IC50 of 9 μM against human COX-2, and an IC50 of 5 μM against ovine COX-1. Roburic acid reduces the production of inflammatory mediators such as NO and IL-6 in macrophages by inhibiting the NF-κB and MAPK (p38/JNK) pathways. By competitively inhibiting the TNF-TNF-R1 interaction, Roburic acid blocks the downstream NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in cancer cells. Roburic acid specifically inhibits osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing the RANKL/TRAF6/NF-κB/NFATc1 axis. Roburic acid can be used in research related to osteolytic diseases such as osteoporosis, colorectal cancer and inflammatory diseases.
    Roburic acid (Standard)
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Species Source
Cat. No. Product Name / Synonyms Application Reactivity
p38 MAPK Isoform Comparison

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